What is the purpose of a type and screen lab test in hip fractures?

• A. To determine crossmatch compatibility only.
• B. To assess overall renal function.
• C. To prepare for possible blood transfusion.
• D. To evaluate infection risk.

Answer: (C)

In hip fracture care, anticipating blood loss and needing a transfusion is a real possibility, so the type and screen is done to prepare for that scenario. It involves determining your blood type (ABO and Rh) and screening for unexpected antibodies in the patient’s plasma. This information lets the medical team know whether compatible blood could be given quickly if a transfusion becomes necessary during or after surgery. If antibodies are present, the team can arrange antigen-matched units in advance to avoid dangerous reactions, minimizing delays.

This test isn’t about assessing kidney function or infection risk, and it isn’t the final crossmatch itself. The crossmatch is performed later against specific donor units once a transfusion is planned; the type and screen simply ensures there’s a compatible supply ready and identifies any antibody-related issues that could complicate transfusion.