What is the typical treatment for vertebral compression fractures?

• A. Surgery with fusion only.
• B. Bracing, physical therapy, and pain management.
• C. Antibiotics.
• D. Observation only.

Answer: (B)

Vertebral compression fractures are typically managed with conservative care aimed at pain control and preserving function while the fracture heals. Bracing helps immobilize the spine, reduce movement-related pain, and limit progression of deformity during healing. A structured physical therapy program strengthens the supporting back muscles, maintains or restores range of motion, and helps prevent deconditioning. Pain management usually starts with non-opioid options like acetaminophen or NSAIDs, with careful use of short-term analgesics if needed to enable activity and rehabilitation. Encouraging gentle, progressive mobilization is important to prevent complications from prolonged immobility. Addressing underlying osteoporosis with appropriate supplements or osteoporosis-directed therapy can reduce the risk of future fractures.

Surgery with fusion is not the typical first-line treatment; it is reserved for specific situations such as unstable fractures, significant neurological compromise, or failure of conservative therapy. Antibiotics are not indicated in a straightforward compression fracture unless there is an infection, which is uncommon in this scenario. Observation alone would not adequately address pain, functional limitation, or the risk of complications during healing.