Which best defines retinal detachment?

• A. A gradual loss of peripheral vision due to optic nerve damage.
• B. An acute vision change related to the retina separating from the underlying tissue, leading to vision loss.
• C. Inflammation of the iris causing pain and light sensitivity.
• D. A temporary increase in intraocular pressure with mild discomfort.

Answer: (B)

Retinal detachment is defined by the retina pulling away from its underlying supportive tissue, causing sudden vision loss. The key is the separation of the retina from the layers beneath it, which disrupts how visual information is transmitted to the brain. Clinically, this often presents as a rapid change in vision with new floaters, flashes of light, and a curtain-like shadow over part of the visual field. It is an emergency because delay can lead to permanent loss of vision in the affected eye.

The other scenarios describe different eye conditions. Gradual peripheral vision loss from optic nerve damage points to optic neuropathy or glaucoma, not a detachment. Iris inflammation causes pain and light sensitivity, typical of anterior uveitis. A temporary rise in intraocular pressure with mild discomfort fits conditions affecting IOP, not a retinal detachment.